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Jumat, 26 Agustus 2016

pengertian HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol)

 

Pengertian HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol)

Salam IT semuanya Kali ini kita akan membahas HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol.

HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) adalah Cisco-proprietary redundancy protocol untuk membangun toleransi kesalahan pada default gateway. HSRP menerapkan mekanisme failover transparent pada end device di dalam jaringan. Dalam hal ini user yang berada pada layer access(L2) tidak akan tergangu apabila  primary default gateway mengalami gangguan dalam hal akses.

sesuai gambar diatas kita akan mengkonfigurasikan penggunaan HSRP dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut :
  • Konfigurasi STP port fast di switch
  • konfigurasi OSPF routing dan verifikasi di seiap router
  • konfigurasi HSRP and verifikasi di router R-100 dan R-200
  • konfigurasi Ethernet interface di PC0 dan server0 dan test failover
Keterangan dari gambar diatas

Konfigurasi STP Port fast di switch
    

  1. Switch>enable
    2. 

  2. Switch#config term
    3. 

  3. SWX#config)#hostname SWX
    4. 

  4. SWX#config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
    5. 

  5. SWX#config)#spanning-tree portfast default
    6.
Konfigurasi IP address pada setiap router dan OSPF routing di R-100 R-200 dan R-OUT
Router R-100
    

  1. Router>en
    2. 

  2. Router#conf t
    3. 

  3. Router(config)#hostname R-100
    4. 

  4. R-100(config)#interface gi0/0
    5. 

  5. R-100(config-if)#ip address 10.0.20.2 255.255.255.0
    6. 

  6. R-100(config-if)#no shut
    7. 

  7. R-100(config-if)#interface gi0/1
    8. 

  8. R-100(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.100 255.255.255.0
    9. 

  9. R-100(config-if)#no shut
    10. 

  10. R-100(config-if)#exit
    11. 

  11. R-100(config)#router ospf 100
    12. 

  12. R-100(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    13. 

  13. R-100(config-router)#network 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    14. 

  14. R-100(config-router)#end
    15.

Router R-200
    

  1. Router>en
    2. 

  2. Router#conf t
    3. 

  3. Router(config)#hostname R-200
    4. 

  4. R-200(config)#interface gi0/0
    5. 

  5. R-200(config-if)#ip address 10.0.10.2 255.255.255.0
    6. 

  6. R-200(config-if)#no shut
    7. 

  7. R-200(config-if)#interface gi0/1
    8. 

  8. R-200(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.200 255.255.255.0
    9. 

  9. R-200(config-if)#no shut
    10. 

  10. R-200(config-if)#exit
    11. 

  11. R-200(config)#router ospf 100
    12. 

  12. R-200(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    13. 

  13. R-200(config-router)#network 10.0.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    14. 

  14. R-200(config-router)#end
    15.

Router R-OUT 
    

  1. Router>en
    2. 

  2. Router#conf t
    3. 

  3. Router(config)#hostname R-OUT
    4. 

  4. R-OUT(config)#int gi0/0
    5. 

  5. R-OUT(config-if)#ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
    6. 

  6. R-OUT(config-if)#no shut
    7. 

  7. R-OUT(config-if)#int gi0/1 
    8. 

  8. R-OUT(config-if)#ip address 10.0.20.1 255.255.255.0
    9. 

  9. R-OUT(config-if)#no shut
    10. 

  10. R-OUT(config-if)#int gi0/2 
    11. 

  11. R-OUT(config-if)#ip add 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
    12. 

  12. R-OUT(config-if)#no shut
    13. 

  13. R-OUT(config-if)#exit
    14. 

  14. R-OUT(config)#router ospf 100
    15. 

  15. R-OUT(config-router)#network 10.1.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    16. 

  16. R-OUT(config-router)#network 10.1.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    17. 

  17. R-OUT(config-router)#default-information originate
    18. 

  18. R-OUT(config-router)#exit
    19. 

  19. R-OUT(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Gi0/2
    20.
Selanjutnya verifikasi ip route di router R-100 dan R-200 jika sudah aktif seharusnya di setiap router tersebut akan ada default router(type O*E2)
    

  1. R-200#show ip route
    2. 

  2. 

    3. 

  3. Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
    4. 

  4.        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
    5. 

  5.        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
    6. 

  6.        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
    7. 

  7.        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
    8. 

  8.        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
    9. 

  9.        P - periodic downloaded static route 
    10. 

  10. 

    11. 

  11. Gateway of last resort is 10.0.20.1 to network 0.0.0.0 
    12. 

  12. 

    13. 

  13.      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
    14. 

  14. O       10.0.10.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.20.1, 00:08:19, GigabitEthernet0/0
    15. 

  15. C       10.0.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
    16. 

  16. L       10.0.20.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
    17. 

  17.      192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
    18. 

  18. C       192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
    19. 

  19. L       192.168.10.200/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
    20. 

  20. O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.0.20.1, 00:05:50, GigabitEthernet0/0
    21.
Jika pada saat show ip route tidak muncul seperti diatas bisa di cek lagi mungkin ada konfigurasi yang kurang atau salah
 
Konfigurasi HSRP
Konfigurasi HSRP group 1 di R-100 dan R-200 menggunakan 192.168.10.100 sebagai standby virtual IP address. R-100 akan dikonfigurasi sebagai HSRP active default-gateway dan R-200 akan dikonfigurasi sebagai standby preemption akan dikonfigurasikan di kedua router.
Mengaktifkan HSRP di R-100
    

  1. R-100(config)#interface gi0/1
    2. 

  2. R-100(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.10.50
    3. 

  3. R-100(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    4.
Mengaktifkan HSRP di R-200 
    

  1. R-200(config)#interface gi0/1
    2. 

  2. R-200(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.10.50
    3. 

  3. R-200(config-if)#standby 1 priority 95
    4. 

  4. R-200(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    5.
Pada konfigurasi diatas ada preempt hal ini memastikan bila R-100 down lalu setelah beberapa saat up kembali maka jalur data akan dikembalikan melewati R-100 kembali.
    

  1. R-100#show standby
    2. 

  2. GigabitEthernet0/1 - Group 1 (version 2)
    3. 

  3.   State is Active
    4. 

  4.     7 state changes, last state change 01:17:39
    5. 

  5.   Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.50
    6. 

  6.   Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0C9F.F001
    7. 

  7.     Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0C9F.F001 (v2 default)
    8. 

  8.   Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    9. 

  9.     Next hello sent in 0.209 secs
    10. 

  10.   Preemption enabled
    11. 

  11.   Active router is local
    12. 

  12.   Standby router is 192.168.10.200
    13. 

  13.   Priority 100 (default 100)
    14. 

  14.   Group name is hsrp-Gig0/1-1 (default) 
    15. 

  15. 

    16. 

  16. R-100#sh standby brief 
    17. 

  17.                      P indicates configured to preempt.
    18. 

  18.                      |
    19. 

  19. Interface   Grp  Pri P State    Active   Standby         Virtual IP
    20. 

  20. Gig0/1      1    100 P Active   local    192.168.10.200  192.168.10.50 
    21. 

  21. 

    22. 

  22. R-200#show standby brief 
    23. 

  23.                      P indicates configured to preempt.
    24. 

  24.                      |
    25. 

  25. Interface   Grp  Pri P State    Active          Standby  Virtual IP
    26. 

  26. Gig0/1      1    95  P Standby  192.168.10.100  local    192.168.10.50
    27.
pada step ini sudah 80% komplit jika saat verifikasi HSRP tidak seperti diatas coba di cek lagi mungkin ada salah atau kurang pada konfigurasi.
Konfigurasi Ethernet interface pada host PC dan tes fungsi HSRP failover dengan mengkonfigurasi terlebih dahulu ip address, netmask dan default gateway PC0 dan server0 sesuai table diatas.
Tes konektivitas dengan ping dari PC0 ke server0
    

  1. PC>ping 172.16.10.2
    2. 

  2. Pinging 172.16.10.2 with 32 bytes of data:
    3. 

  3. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
    4. 

  4. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=126
    5. 

  5. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
    6. 

  6. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126 
    7. 

  7. 

    8. 

  8. Ping statistics for 172.16.10.2:
    9. 

  9.     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    10. 

  10. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    11. 

  11.     Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 18ms, Average = 11ms
    12.
Tes konektivitas menggunakan tracert
    

  1. PC>tracert 172.16.10.2
    2. 

  2. Tracing route to 172.16.10.2 over a maximum of 30 hops: 
    3. 

  3.   1   18 ms     0 ms      0 ms      192.168.10.100
    4. 

  4.   2   12 ms     12 ms     12 ms     10.0.10.1
    5. 

  5.   3   15 ms     11 ms     12 ms     172.16.10.2
    6. 

  6. Trace complete.
    7.
Tes HSRP dengan ping dari PCO ke server 0 menggunakan ping –t 172.16.10.2 Setelah ping berjalan berikutnya adalah  kita matikan interface g0/1 pada router R-100.
    

  1. R-100#conf t
    2. 

  2. R-100(config)#int gi0/1
    3. 

  3. R-100(config-if)#shutdown
    4. 

  4. 

    5. 

  5. %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/1 Grp 1 state Active -> Init
    6. 

  6. 

    7. 

  7. %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down
    8. 

  8. %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down
    9. 

  9. 00:19:08: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 192.168.10.200 on GigabitEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached 
    10.
Lihat di console R-200 notifikasi dari standby ke active
    

  1. %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/1 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active
    2. 

  2. 

    3. 

  3. 00:19:40: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 192.168.10.100 on GigabitEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
    4. 

  4. 00:19:40: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 192.168.10.100 on GigabitEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached 
    5.
Hasil ping di PC pun sempat RTO sebentar lalu reply kembali
    

  1. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
    2. 

  2. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
    3. 

  3. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
    4. 

  4. Request timed out.
    5. 

  5. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
    6. 

  6. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
    7. 

  7. Reply from 172.16.10.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
    8.
Selanjutnya adalah mengembalikan keadaan seperti semula dengan menghidupkan interface g0/1 di router R-100 
    

  1. R-100(config-if)#no shutdown 
    2. 

  2. %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up 
    3. 

  3. %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up 
    4. 

  4. 

    5. 

  5.  %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/1 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active
    6.
sekian dan selamat mencoba ^^

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